Every now and then I get the urge to define my own projection. Usually, I sit down for a while, hit my head on the wall, and the urge passes. For a few years I have worked with the Lake Erie and Allegheny Partnership for Biodiversity on various projects. Now we are getting deep into region-wide data collection, and so I decided to define an Albers Equal Area projection for the task. Specifically, I sought to refine an existing projection to match the bounds and center of the LEAP region. Yes, I know. I will be cursed one day for this decision, but it sure beats the alternatives at the moment.
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Beyond defining the projection, I wanted it as an ESRI WKT and in Proj4 format. Here are the steps I took. I used spatialreference.org to help me do the format translation.
http://spatialreference.org needs the projection input in a form called Well Known Text (WKT)– specifically the Open Geospatial Consortium’s for of WKT. First, I uploaded the description in ESRI’s WKT: this doesn’t work. So here’s ESRI’s WKT for the LEAP boundary as I created a few days ago:
PROJCS["LEAP_Contiguous_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.017453292519943295]],PROJECTION["Albers"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-80.75],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",39],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",43],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",41],UNIT["Meter",1.0]]
I changed 4 things from the North America version of this:
"Central_Meridian" "Standard_Parallel_1" "Standard_Parallel_2" "Latitude_Of_Origin"
OGC WKT has different names for these, specifically:
"longitude_of_center" "Standard_Parallel_1" "Standard_Parallel_2" "latitude_of_center"
So, we can take USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic from http://spatialreference.org/ref/esri/102003/
Go to it’s OGC WKT page:
http://spatialreference.org/ref/esri/102003/ogcwkt/
And thus extract the OGC WKT we want to modify:
PROJCS["USA_Contiguous_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["Degree",0.017453292519943295]],PROJECTION["Albers_Conic_Equal_Area"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0],PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",-96],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",29.5],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",45.5],PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",37.5],UNIT["Meter",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","102003"]]
Modifying those parameters thusly:
PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",-80.75], PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",39], PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",43], PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",41]
Resulting in the following:
PROJCS["USA_Contiguous_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["Degree",0.017453292519943295]],PROJECTION["Albers_Conic_Equal_Area"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0],PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",-80.75],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",39],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",43],PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",41],UNIT["Meter",1]]
Which I have uploaded to a custom LEAP projection.
Ok. Final step. gdalwarp was the original tool I wanted to use. It requires that we define our projection in a format called Proj4 or using an EPSG code. Since we invented this projection, it’s has no EPSG code. Now that we have a definition for it loaded into http://spatialreference.org, we can use the web site to give us the proj4 definition:
http://spatialreference.org/ref/sr-org/7915/proj4/
This site now gives us the following:
+proj=aea +lat_1=39 +lat_2=43 +lat_0=41 +lon_0=-80.75 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83 +units=m +no_defs
The sample reprojection code from the gdalwarp website is as follows:
gdalwarp -t_srs '+proj=utm +zone=11 +datum=WGS84' raw_spot.tif utm11.tif
To use it for our own data, we’ll do something like this:
gdalwarp -t_srs '+proj=aea +lat_1=39 +lat_2=43 +lat_0=41 +lon_0=-80.75 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83 +units=m +no_defs ' input.tif output.tif
Boom! Data reprojected. And so another projection is born. Oops.
postscript– Yes I know about epsg.io– as far as I can tell, it does not yet have the ability to receive uploads.
Edit from Howard Butler:
@smathermather if your GDAL has curl support, you can give http://t.co/C5evFSK352 URLs to custom SRSs and it'll just use 'em.
— Howard Butler (@howardbutler) March 18, 2014
ala:
gdalwarp -t_srs "http://spatialreference.org/ref/sr-org/7915/proj4/" input.tif output.tif
Brilliant!
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Image may be NSFW.Clik here to view.
